Low Post-Treatment Recurrence After a Shortened All-oral Regimen for Pulmonary Rifampicin- or Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Individuals without Prior Second-Line Drug Exposure in Kazakhstan

We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with pulmonary MDR/RR-TB in Kazakhstan treated with one of three all-oral, five-drug regimens. Individuals were followed microbiologically and clinically for up to 12 months post-treatment. Of 578 with favorable end-of-treatment outcomes, we observed only one incident case of recurrent TB (0.2%, 95%CI: 0.0-1.0%), suggesting excellent regimen durability under programmatic conditions.