This chapter reviews the HIV and tuberculosis epidemics, their co-infection factors, and strategic responses in South Africa, implying the need for comprehensive future plans.
The chapter has three pivotal sections. The first section looks at the magnitude of the HIV and TB epidemics in South Africa by reviewing levels and trends in HIV prevalence and incidence, levels and trends in TB, and levels and trends in HIV associated TB co-infection. This section also discusses the key drivers and risk factors for HIV and TB. The second section looks at responses to the HIV and TB epidemics. These include strategic responses to the HIV and TB epidemics and programmes for responding to these epidemics. The last section looks at future scenarios and what needs to be accomplished to deal with both epidemics in South Africa.
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Human Sciences Research Council (2026) studied this question.
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