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July 4, 2026Methods and ProtocolsOpen Access

Metabolic syndrome in rats is linked to ~39% shorter AERP and increased AF inducibility.

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Why the study?

Assessing atrial remodeling in small animals is challenging without specialized tools, and conventional invasive EPS causes trauma and limits longitudinal evaluation.

Is a non-invasive multi-modality assessment using clinical-grade echocardiography and TEP-based EPS feasible and safe for phenotyping atrial myopathy in a rat model of metabolic syndrome?

Population

12 male Sprague-Dawley rats

Comparison

Metabolic syndrome group vs controls

Design

Preclinical comparative study

Key result

Metabolic syndrome in a rat model was associated with shorter atrial effective refractory periods (73.33 vs 120.00 ms; p=0.010) and increased AF inducibility (50% vs 33.3%) compared to controls.

Authors

ARArdian RizalMRMohammad Saifur RohmanFFFatchiyah Fatchiyah

Discussion

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Overview

New protocols may ease AF remodeling assessment in small animals; leaves open translation to clinical models.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the feasibility of using hospital-grade devices for non-invasive assessment of atrial myopathy in rat models of metabolic syndrome.
  • 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent multi-modality assessment using echocardiography and surface ECG.
  • Structural remodeling was assessed via echocardiography measuring left atrial dimensions.
  • Electrical remodeling evaluated through transesophageal pacing-based electrophysiology study.
  • Survival rate during procedures was 91.67%, demonstrating high procedural safety.
  • MetS group had prolonged P-wave duration compared to controls (30.17 ± 4.62 ms vs. 22.33 ± 1.86 ms, p < 0.05).
  • Shorter atrial effective refractory period in MetS group compared to controls (73.33 ± 10.33 ms vs. 120.00 ± 34.06 ms, p = 0.010).

Structured PICO

Is a non-invasive multi-modality assessment using clinical-grade echocardiography and TEP-based EPS feasible and safe for phenotyping atrial myopathy in a rat model of metabolic syndrome?

P
Population
12 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 with metabolic syndrome and 6 controls) evaluated for atrial myopathy using a multi-modality assessment.
E
Exposure
Non-invasive multi-modality assessment using hospital-grade echocardiography (8-12 MHz), surface ECG, and transesophageal pacing (TEP)-based EPS
C
Comparator
Control group (SH rats)
O
Outcome
Feasibility, procedural safety, and characterization of atrial structural and electrical remodelingsurrogate

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 73.33% vs 120%

p-value: p=0.010

Repurposing clinical-grade echocardiography and transesophageal pacing provides a safe and feasible non-invasive method for comprehensive phenotyping of atrial myopathy in small animal models.

Cite This Study

Rizal et al. (2026) studied Atrial myopathy in metabolic syndrome (n=12). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) vs. Controls (SH group) was evaluated on Atrial effective refractory period (AERP) in ms (p=0.010). Metabolic syndrome in a rat model was associated with shorter atrial effective refractory periods (73.33 vs 120.00 ms; p=0.010) and increased AF inducibility (50% vs 33.3%) compared to controls.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a48a6b689561a0c2d78e991https://doi.org/10.3390/mps9040103
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