This study is a secondary analysis exploring the intersection between safety and experiences of belonging of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. A series of qualitative data collection tools guided the primary participatory inquiry including interviews, photo sharing, visual representations, and small-group conversations. The study shows that individuals are influenced by their own internalized beliefs about safety and the opinions and perspectives of others who support them. These influences could restrict opportunities for belonging and connection. Further research, guided by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, is needed to explore how alternative support models can support more expansive opportunities for belonging.
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Allred et al. (2026) studied this question.
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