Retrospective case study evaluates chemical immobilization effectiveness in pronghorn, suggesting caution in use.
A retrospective case study evaluated the effectiveness of butorphanol (27.3 mg/mL), azaperone (9.1 mg/mL), and medetomidine (10.9 mg/mL; BAM) in captive pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) during 2021-24. Immobilizations were inconsistent, with documented cases of spontaneous arousal (e.g., head movement, walking, running). Use of BAM in pronghorn should be considered with caution.
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Allen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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