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July 5, 2026Indian Journal of Public HealthOpen Access

Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown Etiology in Himachal Pradesh, India: A Case–Control Study Investigating Associations with Agrochemical Use and Related Practices

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Authors

APAnupam ParasharSVSanjay VikrantAJAjay Jaryal

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Overview

Case-control study examines CKD associations with agrochemicals in farming populations, suggesting multifactorial causes.

Key Points

  • This study investigates the association between chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology and agrochemical exposure in a farming population.
  • Conducted a case-control study with 100 CKDu cases and 101 healthy controls.
  • Participants were age and sex-matched, mostly from rural areas and involved in field crop cultivation.
  • Analyzed factors such as pesticide use, water sources, and BMI.
  • Mean BMI was significantly lower in CKDu cases than in controls.
  • Lower educational attainment and unemployment were significantly associated with CKDu.
  • Farming and pesticide exposure trends were elevated in CKDu cases but lacked statistical significance.

Cite This Study

Parashar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a49f547f5d1d45b288003cfhttps://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1322_25
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