Malignant neoplasms in pediatric gynecologist’s practice: a literature review

Objective. The aim of this review is to systematize and summarize current data on the problem of malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system in girls and adolescents. This draws attention to cancer awareness in the practice of pediatric gynecologist. It can improve the diagnosis, pathway and medical care of patients in this age group. Material and methods. A search and analysis of english literature was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases. The main attention is paid to scientific publications concerning the prevalence, variety, basic diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of malignant diseases in pediatric oncogynecology. Results. 13 case reports, 15 reviews, 4 series of case reports, 1 population-based retrospective cohort study, 1 multicenter retrospective study, 1 experimental preclinical study, 1 observational study and 1 prospective cohort study were identified. After analyzing these articles, they were included in the review. In 2022, there were 1 473 427 new cases of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system and 680 372 deaths. In children, gynecological malignancies account for 4.2% of all malignancies in girls aged 0 to 18 years. Conclusion. This article discusses the main types of malignant tumors occuring in childhood, including sarcomas, carcinomas, and rare cancers of breast, vagina and vulva. Many of the presented pathologies are extremely rare, so the importance of awareness of clinicians about malignant diseases occuring in practice of pediatric gynecologist to improve the results of early diagnosis and medical care.