Beth-Shemesh between Judah and Philistia: geopolitical and cultural dynamics in the Iron Age IIB–C

This paper reassesses the role of Beth-Shemesh during the Iron Age IIB–C, focusing on its fate after Sennacherib’s 701 BCE campaign. While often considered a Judahite town destroyed and absorbed into Philistia, new evidence indicates continuity of settlement. Material culture consistently reflects Judahite traditions, with minimal western influence. Comparative analysis with Lachish, Tel Batash/Timna and Tel Miqne/Ekron, underscores Beth-Shemesh’s strong integration within Judah’s economic, cultural and geopolitical framework. Rather than collapse or annexation, the site exemplifies resilience and local agency, functioning as a Judahite olive-oil production centre within a shifting geopolitical landscape.