Factors Influencing Caring Behaviours Among Nurses Working in Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review

AIM: To synthesise the body of knowledge on the factors influencing caring behaviours among nurses working in hospital settings. DESIGN: Scoping review of original research articles. METHODS: This scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework and was reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar in April 2025 for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed original research that measured caring behaviour as an outcome among nurses working in hospital settings. RESULTS: A total of 34 original research articles included in this scoping review: 29 quantitative studies, three mixed method studies, and two qualitative studies. Factors influencing caring behaviour among nurses were varied across the studies. All the factors reported in the reviewed studies are aggregated into five main categories: (1) demographic factors, (2) work-related factors, (3) psychosocial factors, (4) ethical, moral, and professional factors, and (5) leadership and organisational factors. Among the demographic factors, age, education level, and income were positively associated with caring behaviours. Work-related factors influencing caring behaviours were job satisfaction, workload, and work environment. Psychosocial factors associated with caring behaviour include work-related stress, emotional intelligence, and resilience. Additionally, moral sensitivity, professional values, leadership, and organisational support were positive factors influencing care behaviour of nurses. CONCLUSION: This scoping review revealed multiple factors influencing caring behaviours among nurses. Healthcare providers and nurse leaders should consider these factors when developing strategies to promote caring behaviour in nursing practice. Future studies with qualitative inquiry would provide a comprehensive understanding of nurses' perspectives on caring behaviour.