One-Step Lithium Bioleaching from a Mineral Concentrate: Comparison Between Consortium and Isolated Native Strains

The increasing global demand for energy has intensified the need for lithium, a critical component in rechargeable batteries and electric vehicles. However, conventional lithium extraction methods are associated with significant environmental impacts. In this study, a one-step bioleaching approach for lithium recovery from mineral concentrates was evaluated using native microbial consortia and isolated bacterial strains. A suitable culture medium was selected, individual strains were isolated, and bioleaching experiments were conducted using a Box–Behnken experimental design. Lithium solubilization and cell density were assessed under different agitation conditions, pulp concentrations, and initial pH values. The highest lithium solubilization (99%) was achieved under non-agitated conditions, with a pulp concentration of 30% and an initial pH of 6. Three bacterial strains (ITDB101, ITDR102, and ITDN103) were identified. The native microbial consortium and the biotic control exhibited the highest lithium solubilization efficiencies (94.5% and 96.3%, respectively), outperforming the individual strains, which achieved solubilization values ranging from 91.73% to 93.27%. X-ray diffraction analysis identified five mineral phases in the concentrate, and comparisons among treatments revealed changes in these phases following bioleaching, supporting the potential of this process as an environmentally friendly alternative for lithium extraction.