What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to develop a joint model for analyzing longitudinal and multistate outcomes with interval-censoring in diabetic complications.

A joint model for a longitudinal outcome and a progressive multistate model under a mixed observation scheme

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Joint models demonstrate the association between longitudinal and multistate outcomes in diabetes, suggesting improved monitoring efficiencies.

The study aims to develop a joint model for analyzing longitudinal and multistate outcomes with interval-censoring in diabetic complications.
Formulated a shared random effects joint model using linear mixed-effects and proportional intensities.
Applied progressive three-state Markov submodels with interval-censoring for transient state entry.
Assessed model parameters using maximum likelihood estimation and simulation for bias and confidence intervals.
The model showed that retinopathy trajectories influenced neuropathy progression, suggesting a link.
Existing methods overestimated associations, highlighting the model's effectiveness in capturing true effects.
Exploration of functional forms and association structures led to improved estimation accuracy.

Lovblom et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Joint models demonstrate the association between longitudinal and multistate outcomes in diabetes, suggesting improved monitoring efficiencies.