A Compendious Review on Phytopharmacology of Lantana Camara

Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is a widely distributed perennial medicinal shrub recognized for its diverse phytochemical composition and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Although considered one of the world's most invasive plant species, it has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, skin diseases, fever, cough, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain, and insect bites. The plant contains numerous bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and essential oils. Important phytoconstituents such as quercetin, gallic acid, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, and caryophyllene contribute significantly to its therapeutic potential. Scientific investigations have demonstrated a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, analgesic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anticancer, neuroprotective, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects. Particular attention has been directed toward its neuroprotective and AChE inhibitory properties, which suggest potential applications in the management of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders. This review compiles and critically summarizes the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemical profile, nutritional significance, and pharmacological activities of Lantana camara, highlighting its importance as a promising source of bioactive compounds for future pharmaceutical and therapeutic development.