Review essay explores the history of Chinese labor forces, highlighting migration and coercive practices.
This review essay considers the history of free and unfree Chinese labor through books on the Yunnan-Indochina Railway, Chinese indentured labor in the Dutch East Indies, Chinese American migration and community formation in the U.S. heartland, and the global politics of the gold rushes.
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Tu T. Huynh (2026) studied this question.
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