Evaluation of pediatric patients diagnosed with psoas abscess over the last 20 years in a tertiary care hospital in Türkiye

Psoas abscess is rare in children. Its nonspecific clinical presentation poses diagnostic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and demographic characteristics, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, of 28 pediatric patients diagnosed with psoas abscess, and to provide a broader perspective for the literature. The records of 28 patients treated at a tertiary care hospital between January 1, 2005, and December 1, 2025, were reviewed. Age at admission, presenting complaints, clinical and radiological findings, and treatment regimens were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 28 pediatric patients were included over 20 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Nine patients (32.1%) were younger than 5 years of age. An underlying condition was identified in 18 patients (64.3%). Hip pain was one of the most common findings and was present in all primary cases. Fever was observed more frequently in secondary cases (54.5%) than in primary cases (16.7%). The most commonly identified microorganisms in cultures were gram-positive pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus species. The median length of hospital stay was 38 (21.0-57.5) days. Surgical intervention was performed in 19 patients (67.9%). No mortality was observed. Psoas abscess is a rare but serious infection that typically presents with nonspecific symptoms. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis. Early initiation of antibiotic therapy and timely drainage are among the most important factors influencing prognosis. There are limited studies on this condition in children, and we believe that our study will contribute to the existing literature.