Mentalization of shame in coping with self-coherence dysregulation during shame experiences

INTRODUCTION: Shame is a fundamental self-conscious emotion that can disrupt self-narratives and identity coherence. This study explored how mentalization moderates the impact of shameful memories on self-narrative organization. METHODS: A qualitative design using thematic narrative analysis was employed. Six participants with significant experiences of shame were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured narrative interviews, transcribed, and analyzed using MAXQDA. Trustworthiness was ensured through prolonged engagement. RESULTS: Findings showed that shame often leads to collapse of self-narratives, reduced agency, and regression to pre-mentalizing states. Resolution occurs through activation of mentalization, allowing symbolic distancing from emotion, narrative reconstruction, adaptive coping, and restored identity coherence. CONCLUSION: Mentalization enables adaptive processing of shame, transforming existential threat into an opportunity for self-redefinition and coherent narrative identity. Enhancing mentalization may support clinical interventions for shame-related disturbances.