s < .05). Sweetness and irritation did not differ by coolant. Across coolants, we observed dose-dependent increases in sensory effects across concentrations. While all coolants produced cooling and flavor intensity that increased with increasing concentration, WS-23 more closely matched menthol's cooling effect. Neither synthetic coolant had as strong a flavor intensity as menthol. Our evidence suggests that sensory effects of synthetic coolants may substitute for menthol's cooling properties. Future studies are needed to understand if synthetic coolants similarly to menthol, enhance the appeal of nicotine-containing e-liquids. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Davis et al. (Mon,) studied this question.