Optimizing Lowacryl Blue‐3 Adsorption Onto Agar‐Agar Grafted Polyacrylamide@Sn‐Ni‐ZrO ₂ Hybrid Hydrogel: Comprehensive Kinetic, Isothermal and Thermodynamic Investigations

Continuous industrial operation generates numerous contaminants, including synthetic dyes, which may ultimately culminate in water contamination for humans and aquatic life. The burning issue was tackled via facile synthesis of agar grafted polyacrylamide (Agr‐g‐pAAm@Sn‐Ni‐ZrO 2 hydrogel sorbent for efficient sorption of lowacryl blue‐3 (LAB‐3). The current studies involved comprehensive investigations regarding optimization of various parameters like contact time, pH, sorbent dosage, initial concentration and temperature for efficient LAB‐3 sorption. The Agr‐g‐pAAm@Sn‐Ni‐ZrO 2 superabsorbent demonstrated Fickian diffusion for water absorption and swelled up to a maximum limit 1330% at pH 12 in 23 h. Notably, the current sorption followed pseudo second order kinetics which further implied chemisorption as the rate limiting step in LAB‐3 uptake by Agr‐g‐pAAm@Sn‐Ni‐ZrO 2 sorbent. The sorption was most appropriately described by the Langmuir model which characterized the attachment of LAB‐3 to the sorbent in monolayer fashion on identical binding sites of a homogenous surface presented by Agr‐g‐pAAm@/Sn‐Ni‐ZrO 2 sorbent. Thus, the promising swelling (1330%) and sorption (909.09 mg/g) capacities along with retained > 90% of its adsorption efficiency after the third adsorption–desorption cycles, which may recommend the Agr‐g‐pAAm@Sn‐Ni‐ZrO 2 material for industrial wastewater treatment on commercial scale.