Methodology for Developing Students' Scientific Thinking Based on Pisa and Pirls Criteria

This scientific article comprehensively studies the methodology for developing scientific and logical thinking of secondary school students based on the criteria of the international assessment programs PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) and PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), which are considered one of the most important priorities of the modern education system. The main goal of the study is to abandon the tradition of simply memorizing factual knowledge in the educational process and develop optimal pedagogical mechanisms for developing functional literacy, understanding and analyzing text, and solving life problems using scientific methods in students. The work highlights the integrative relationship between the PISA program's natural and scientific literacy and the PIRLS program's reading literacy areas using pedagogical experiments and empirical analyses.