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July 8, 2026Political Research QuarterlyOpen Access

The Unemployed and the Restless: Protest Participation Among the Unemployed

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Authors

DODeren OnursalAHAdam Hobbs

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Overview

Cross-national analysis reveals how high unemployment and generous welfare spur protest mobilization among the unemployed.

Key Points

  • This study examines the conditions under which unemployed individuals participate in protests, challenging traditional views on joblessness and mobilization.
  • Conducted a cross-national comparative analysis using eleven rounds of data from the European Social Survey (ESS).
  • Examined the relationship between unemployment levels, welfare provisions, and protest participation.
  • Identified a curvilinear relationship between unemployment and mobilization rates.
  • Found that unemployed individuals are most likely to mobilize under high unemployment conditions.
  • Identified that stronger welfare provisions correlate with increased mobilization among the unemployed.
  • Demonstrated a convex relationship that indicates varying mobilization rates based on unemployment levels.

Cite This Study

Onursal et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a4de8ebd2ea289ef6283573https://doi.org/10.1177/10659129261463763
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