Overview of Current Regulatory and Methodological Approaches for the Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins

Risk assessment is a dynamic and continuously evolving process aimed at characterizing the potential adverse effects on life and health arising from exposure to hazards. Among these hazards, mycotoxins represent one of the most significant and widely investigated contaminants in food and feed. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on mycotoxin risk assessment practice, both for single substances and for cumulative risk assessment, and to provide practical guidance for future researchers. As individual substances, mycotoxins are well characterized from a toxicological perspective, and numerous risk assessments have been conducted globally across a wide range of food products. Although well-established methodological frameworks exist to support the cumulative risk assessment of mycotoxins, further efforts are needed to define common assessment groups, especially considering the pleiotropic nature of these compounds.