Assessing Blockchain Integration in the Turkish Land Registry System: A Conceptual Model

Digital transformation has become increasingly central to public service delivery, and land administration is no exception. This study examines the applicability and implications of integrating blockchain technology into Türkiye’s land registry system through a conceptual model. Although recent digital initiatives such as TAKBIS and Web-Tapu have significantly modernized administrative processes, they have not fully resolved persistent challenges, including data security concerns, procedural delays, fragmented stakeholder integration, and limited auditability. Drawing on international experiences from Sweden, Georgia, India, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Honduras, and Bangladesh, the study conducts a comparative assessment and adapts the key lessons to Türkiye’s institutional, legal, and technical context. The proposed blockchain-supported conceptual model aims to enhance data integrity, automate verification processes through smart contracts, and introduce immutable audit trails while functioning as a complementary layer rather than a replacement for existing centralized structures. The model is aligned with Türkiye’s national digital transformation agenda and is expected to contribute to selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions). At the same time, the study acknowledges challenges related to legal infrastructure, accessibility, digital literacy, and the high cost of technical implementation. Overall, the findings present a realistic, scalable framework for strengthening transparency, institutional trust, and interoperability in land administration.