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This survey aims to systematically categorize and analyze decentralized AI agents' architectures, coordination, and governance frameworks.

July 8, 2026Future InternetOpen Access

Decentralized AI Agents and Blockchain: Architectures, Coordination Mechanisms, and Governance Frameworks

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This survey aims to systematically categorize and analyze decentralized AI agents' architectures, coordination, and governance frameworks.
Conducted a systematic review of 177 peer-reviewed publications and 14 system docs from 2019 to 2026.
Classified systems along four architectural dimensions: on-chain execution, off-chain agents, off-chain computation, and multi-agent interaction.
Examined coordination mechanisms and governance structures relevant to decentralized AI agents.
Identified applications in decentralized finance, supply chain, IoT, and agent marketplace domains.
Highlighted six open research problems blocking broader deployment of decentralized AI agents.
Found that merging mechanism design with multi-agent reinforcement learning offers significant research potential.

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Survey reviews decentralized AI agents' architecture and governance, suggesting future research directions.

Touloupou et al. (2026) studied this question.

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