Monitoring of the Cascade of Care in Patients With Chronic HBV in Primary Care Clinics in Australia

To achieve hepatitis B virus (HBV) elimination in Australia, a shift from hospital to community-based care is needed. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of chronic HBV and uptake of the cascade of care in primary care patients. This prospective cohort study was conducted in 76 urban and regional primary care clinics across Victoria, Australia between 1/7/2020 and 30/6/2023. Anonymised socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data from general practice (GP) clinics' electronic medical records (EMR) were extracted. Descriptive analysis of the cohort of clinic clients with HBV was performed. A total of 346,927 individuals attended appointments across the study period. Of these, 25,212 had records indicating HBV-related testing. 491 (0.14%) individuals had evidence of current HBV infection defined as HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and/or HBV DNA positive. 469 attended the clinics during the study period, among whom 239 (51%) were female. In the GP EMR, only 59 (13%) had evidence of at least one HBV DNA test and at least one ALT test ordered. Fourteen patients (3%) had record of being reviewed for HBV management by the clinic nurse or GP and 78 (17%) reviewed by a viral hepatitis specialist. Ninety-two (20%) were on treatment for HBV. Of people receiving treatment, 23 (25%) had a record of linkage to specialist care. Our data show that significant gaps in the cascade of care remain for people with chronic HBV in primary care settings, with a low proportion of patients having evidence of participating in all stages of the HBV cascade of care.