Feasibility and Effectiveness of 3D Coil Framing in the Embolization of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations and Visceral Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms

Background and Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) coils offer stable initial framing in intracranial aneurysm embolization, but their utility in pulmonary and visceral vascular lesions has not been well established. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of 3D coils used as the primary framing device in pulmonary and visceral embolization. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 13 patients with 14 lesions, comprising seven pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), six splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs), and one hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAP), treated between 2024 and 2025. In all lesions, a 0.018-inch 3D coil was deployed as the initial framing coil, followed by further packing with additional 3D or non-3D coils. Technical success, angiographic success, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Technical success was achieved in all lesions (14/14, 100%; 95% CI, 78.5–100). Angiographic success was achieved in 13 of 14 lesions (92.9%; 95% CI, 68.5–98.7), and clinical success was achieved in 12 of 13 lesions (92.3%; 95% CI, 66.7–98.6). Post-embolization syndrome (PES) developed in five patients with SAAs and in one patient with HAP; all complications were minor and resolved with conservative management. No coil migration or major complications occurred. Conclusions: When used as the initial framing device, 3D coils were technically feasible and achieved acceptable short-term angiographic and clinical outcomes in this small, heterogeneous series; these preliminary findings require confirmation in comparative studies.