Key result
In silico volume loading shows total effective vascular compliance reflects physical compliance and cardiovascular regulatory reflexes.
A global mathematical model of the cardiovascular system demonstrates that effective total vascular compliance is determined by both physical compliance and physiological regulatory mechanisms.
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Informs in silico volume-loading models; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
In this work, we determined the total effective vascular compliance of a global closed-loop model for the cardiovascular system by performing an infusion test of 500 mL of blood in four minutes. Our mathematical model includes a network of arteries and veins where blood flow is described by means of a one-dimensional nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system and zero-dimensional models for other cardiovascular compartments. Some mathematical modifications were introduced to better capture the physiology of the infusion test: (1) a physiological distribution of vascular compliance and total blood volume was implemented, (2) a nonlinear representation of venous resistances and compliances was introduced, and (3) main regulatory mechanisms triggered by the infusion test where incorporated into the model. By means of presented in silico experiment, we show that effective total vascular compliance is the result of the interaction between the assigned constant physical vascular compliance and the capacity of the cardiovascular system to adapt to new situations via regulatory mechanisms.
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Celant et al. (2021) studied Healthy (computational simulation). Simulated blood infusion test vs. Baseline computational model state was evaluated on Total effective vascular compliance (TEVC). An in silico 500 mL blood infusion test showed that effective total vascular compliance is the interaction between assigned physical compliance and cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms.
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