Leadership and Organisational Transformation in the Context of Digitalisation and Sustainable Development

The contemporary organisational environment is increasingly shaped by the dual pressures of digitalisation and sustainable development, both of which require profound organisational transformation. Within this context, leadership capabilities play a critical role in guiding organisations through complex and multidimensional change processes. This study investigates the influence of leadership capabilities on organisational transformation, considering the roles of digital transformation and sustainability orientation. The research adopts a quantitative approach based on a cross-sectional survey conducted among managerial and non-managerial employees from organisations operating in Romania across mixed industries. Data were analysed using SPSS, employing reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The findings indicate that leadership capabilities significantly influence both digital transformation and sustainability orientation, while digital transformation and sustainability orientation positively affect organisational transformation outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by integrating leadership, digitalisation, and sustainability perspectives into a unified empirical framework. The results offer theoretical and managerial implications, emphasising the importance of leadership competencies in navigating the interconnected challenges of digital and sustainable transitions.