Adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution: a systematic review of insights from South African universities

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has transformed industries in developed countries and is rapidly influencing developing nations such as South Africa. This study examined the preparedness of South African universities to meet 4IR demands and address emerging skills gaps. A systematic literature review of articles published between 2018 and 2023 was conducted using Google Scholar and Scopus databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were selected for analysis. The findings indicate that universities must equip students with digital skills, meta-skills, big data competencies and entrepreneurial capabilities that promote innovation and creativity. However, several challenges hinder adaptation, including skills shortages, inadequate infrastructure, limited funding and ineffective policy frameworks. The review identified key interventions, including fostering innovation-oriented cultures among students and staff while aligning curricula with industry needs. Although some South African universities have made progress in embracing 4IR requirements, stronger collaboration among universities, industry and government remains essential for competitiveness.