What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to investigate how the Toba Batak society expresses emotions during death rituals, particularly through lamentation practices.

The expression of emotional culture through lament in the Toba Batak society of Indonesia

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Ethnomusicological exploration of lamentation performance reveals emotional display in Toba Batak society, indicating cultural significance.

This research aims to investigate how the Toba Batak society expresses emotions during death rituals, particularly through lamentation practices.
Utilized ethnomusicological approach
Conducted semi-structured interviews and participant observation
Performed musical analysis and video recordings of lamentation performances.
Identified ten classifications of death that shape emotional displays.
Highest classification, mate mauli bulung, reveals families expressing grief and pride through collective dancing around the body.
Demonstrated the role of lamentation in reinforcing social cohesion and cultural identity.

Novita et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Ethnomusicological exploration of lamentation performance reveals emotional display in Toba Batak society, indicating cultural significance.