Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients referred for premature ventricular contractions: identifying patients most likely to benefit

Figures

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  Figure 1. Flowchart of patient selection and study population. Of 253 patients referred for CMR for PVC evaluation, 53 were excluded. The final analytic cohort included 200 patients, among whom 108 had normal CMR findings and 92 had abnormal CMR findings. Missing data (3.75%) were handled using k-nearest neighbor (kNN) imputation.

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  Figure 2. Known structural heart diseases before CMR. IHD, ischemic heart disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; TIC, tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; AAOCA, anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery.

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  Figure 3. Structural abnormalities found on CMR. ARVD, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle.

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  Figure 4. Multivariate analysis incorporating the variables significantly associated with abnormalities on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with a p-value < 0.10. PVC, premature ventricular contraction.

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  Figure 5. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the curve (AUC) enabling discrimination between patients with structural abnormalities and those without. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were calculated for different probability thresholds, and the optimal threshold was identified.

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  Figure 6. Factors predictive of normal CMR findings in a multivariate analysis. N, number; P, p-value; PVC, premature ventricular contraction.

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  Figure 7. Bar chart representing covariates predictive of normal or abnormal CMR findings. Green bars represent the variables predicting normal CMR findings, and red bars represent the variables predicting abnormal CMR findings. The V-test represents the strength of the association between the various covariates and normal CMR findings. SHD, structural heart disease; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; PVCDWE, premature ventricular contractions decreasing with exercise; PPVC, pleomorphic premature ventricular contractions.