One pot multicomponent strategies for the synthesis of new pyrano[2,3- c ]pyrazole derivatives: a review

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as efficient and sustainable approaches for the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds. Among them, pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. One-pot multicomponent strategies provide a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly method for constructing these heterocyclic frameworks through the reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile, ethyl acetoacetate, and hydrazine derivatives. These reactions generally proceed under mild conditions and often offer high yields with minimal purification steps. The use of various catalysts such as organic bases, metal nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and green solvents has further improved the efficiency and sustainability of these methods. This review summarizes recent developments in one-pot multicomponent synthetic approaches for pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives, highlighting reaction mechanisms, catalytic systems, and their advantages in terms of efficiency, selectivity, and eco-friendly synthesis. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current strategies and future perspectives in this field.