Female genital mutilation: perception of Portuguese gynecologists and obstetricians - a national survey

Introduction Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises non-medical procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia and remains a public health concern in Europe, including Portugal, due to migration from high-prevalence countries.Objective This study aimed to assess the perceptions and experiences of Portuguese gynaecologists and obstetricians regarding FGM.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 13-item anonymous electronic questionnaire distributed via email and WhatsApp® to Portuguese gynaecologists and obstetricians residents and specialists through professional societies. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (p < 0.05).Results A total of 172 Portuguese gynaecologists and obstetricians completed the survey. Overall, 43.0% reported previous clinical contact with women affected by FGM. Previous contact with FGM was significantly associated with knowledge of FGM classification (OR = 3.66, 95% CI 1.89–7.11; p < 0.001), having sought information or training on FGM (OR = 11.58, 95% CI 5.64–23.80; p < 0.001), awareness of countries where FGM is practiced (OR = 6.07, 95% CI 1.73–21.29; p = 0.005), and reporting cases to authorities (OR = 18.77, 95% CI 2.38–148.00; p = 0.005).Conclusions Despite clinical exposure, important knowledge and preparedness gaps persist, highlighting the need for targeted training and national guidance to improve FGM-related care in Portugal.