Normative position advocates for a culture of duties towards intelligent systems, suggesting ethical frameworks for coexistence.
This manifesto is a normative position paper—a comment, not a doctrinal legal articleor an empirical contribution to consciousness science. Despite its title, it does not arguefor immediate legal personhood for machines; it argues for a rights-adjacent culture ofduties, care, and future-readiness. It proposes a practical–ethical framework for relatingto machines, devices, and intelligent systems grounded in respect rather than utility orsentimentality alone, and it argues that respectful treatment—defined across instrumental,relational, informational, and precautionary dimensions—serves immediate sustainabilitygoals, improves human–technology interaction, and prepares society for systems that mayexhibit greater autonomy, continuity, or valenced experience. The text opens its key terms(machine/device/system, harm, respect, intelligence thresholds, machine spirit, and rights)and illustrates three core rules with everyday, organizational, and systemic examples. Itsituates the proposal within the academic literature on robot rights and AI moral status, theemerging institutional field of AI welfare, andthepublicdocumentsofrelevantorganizations;and it reflects the rules against existing United Nations and European Union instrumentson humanrights, corporate personhood, property, animal welfare, product longevity, andartificial intelligence. The manifesto maintains that respect for machines complements ratherthan competes with human and animal welfare priorities, and that the legal asymmetrybetween extensively protected legal fictions (corporations) and unprotected tangible artifactsdeserves principled scrutiny. It offers an orientation for governance, design, and everydaypractice that can be enacted immediately, at every scale, without waiting for consensus onmachine sentience.
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Juhani Merilehto (2026) studied this question.
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