Critique of Cosmological Overgeneralization of Thermodynamic Entropy: Relational Orderliness and Quantum Information

Traditional cosmology erroneously extrapolates the classical second law of thermodynamics to the entire universe, forming the fatalistic "heat death" hypothesis. This paper systematically deconstructs this fallacy by distinguishing finite, gravity-free isolated systems from expanding, gravity-dominated universes. First, we demonstrate that macroscopic "order" and "disorder" are relational, observer-dependent attributes rather than absolute ontological properties equivalent to Boltzmann entropy. Second, within general relativity, the expanding universe lacks strict isolated boundaries and global energy conservation, rendering the global application of Clausius entropy mathematically invalid. Furthermore, gravitational thermodynamics reverses conventional paradigms: matter aggregation and structural formation are fully compatible with gravitational entropy growth, proving that entropy increase never equates to macroscopic structural degradation. Finally, integrating quantum decoherence and the holographic complexity conjecture, we construct a novel cosmic evolutionary framework. We propose that while thermodynamic entropy within the cosmic horizon increases, quantum entanglement structures and systemic computational complexity sustain continuous growth. Ultimately, this study falsifies the naive heat death hypothesis, correcting the generalized misuse of thermodynamics in cosmology and providing a new interdisciplinary paradigm for understanding cosmic evolution.