Generative artificial intelligence is gradually infiltrating contemporary socio-technical systems, affecting work practices, labor market participation, and the dynamics of labor-related costs. In this paper, we analyze cross-sectional relationships between generative AI use among active individuals and two macro-level labor-market indicators: the labor force participation rate and the evolution of nominal unit labor costs. The research is based on comparative European data. It analyses the use of AI in personal, professional, educational, and recent contexts as an expression of the interaction of human agency, technological infrastructure, and the institutional environment. The methodology combines multivariate modelling and regression with exploratory factor analysis and clustering to examine the statistical associations between AI use and labour-market indicators, as well as the emergent typologies of countries with diverse profiles. Results indicate stable links between the extent of generative AI use and employment, and unit labour cost disparities, suggesting that generative AI use is associated with broader socio-economic development patterns, without implying a causal relationship. The results highlight the need for an integrative view of AI adoption, linking human behaviors to organizational procedures and governance structures to ensure a responsible and fair transition.
Bocean et al. (Thu,) studied this question.