Marginalization as Mechanism: Differential Pathways Linking Multidimensional Marginalization to Academic Outcomes in Nursing Education: A Cross-Sectional Study

Marginalization in nursing education is widely recognized but often measured using unidimensional indicators that limit understanding of its complexity. To examine the multidimensional structure of marginalization and differences across academic stages and identity groups using the Englund Marginality Index. Cross-sectional analysis of a national sample of undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty (N = 10 095) using repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance to examine domain-level differences and interactions. Marginalization varied across domains, differed by academic stage, and showed the strongest effects for race and language status. Marginalization is multidimensional and restructured across contexts, supporting domain-level approaches to understanding inequity.