A Review of Primary Activity Measurement Based on β-γ Coincidence Counting

Over the past several decades, the β-γ coincidence counting method has been well established as a primary technique for radionuclide standardization. This review introduces the fundamental principles of β-γ coincidence counting and outlines the various techniques employed in primary activity measurement based on β-γ coincidence methods, supported by an extensive bibliography of current research in the field. The literature is summarized with respect to detector types, β-γ detector configurations, data acquisition system designs, and efficiency extrapolation techniques, followed by representative, summarized validation results reported across various implementations. A concise overview of the practical advantages and limitations associated with these methodologies is also included, and opportunities for future research are subsequently highlighted.