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This research aims to derive Kirchhoff's integral theorem and diffraction formulas using basic principles and high-school mathematics.

July 11, 2026Open Access

Consistent derivation of Kirchhoff's integral theorem and diffraction formula and the Maggi-Rubinowicz transformation using high-school math

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Randomized trial derives diffraction formulas in wave theory, indicating a simplified approach to complex concepts.

This research aims to derive Kirchhoff's integral theorem and diffraction formulas using basic principles and high-school mathematics.
Constructed on principles of causality, superposition, and initial wave function assumptions.
Derived integral expressions for wave functions using boundary conditions and secondary sources.
Utilized short-wavelength approximations for transformations in wave function representation.
Established Helmholtz integral theorem for time-dependence, showing applicability beyond sinusoidal functions.
Demonstrated that secondary-source selection leads to consistent Kirchhoff boundary conditions.
Introduced generalized spatiotemporal dipole model simplifying monopole and dipole source interactions.

Gavin Richard Putland (2026) studied this question.

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