The impact of urban sprawl on food security in peripheral areas of Yogyakarta City

Urban sprawl in the peri-urban areas of Yogyakarta has triggered significant pressure on food security. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the relationship between urban sprawl, changes in agricultural land use and their implications for regional food security. Using mixed methods, this study combines descriptive quantitative analysis, interpretation of satellite imagery of land use change and checking field. Rice production and consumption data were analyzed for the period 1990–2020, while data validity was strengthened through source triangulation and cross-verification with national food security indicators. The results show a 4.82% decline in rice field area in the study area during the 2006–2015 period, with an average rate of decline of 0.48% per year, followed by a 12.7% decline in local rice production capacity over two decades. Spatial image analysis confirmed that the largest land conversion occurred in the subdistricts of Banguntapan and Kasihan. On the consumption side, household rice demand increased by 18.4% over the last 30 years. This study emphasizes the urgency of more anticipatory spatial planning, strengthening the protection of sustainable agricultural land, and integrating food security issues into policies to control urban sprawl in the peri-urban areas of Yogyakarta.