The Role of National Parks in Preserving Biodiversity Genofunds and Maintaining Ecosystem Stability

National parks serve as the cornerstone of in-situ conservation, operating under strategic zoning frameworks designed to mitigate anthropogenic degradation and preserve evolutionary lineages. This paper examines the structural-functional role of national parks in safeguarding biodiversity genofunds and buffering regional ecosystems against climatic and anthropogenic destabilization. By isolating critical habitats from socio-economic exploitation, these protected areas act as genetic reservoirs for endemic, relict, and endangered species. Furthermore, we analyze how national parks support macro-ecological stability through the provisioning of essential ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, hydrological regulation, and soil erosion control. Case paradigms from the varied ecosystems of the South Caucasus—ranging from the humid Hyrcanian forests to the semi-arid steppe and high-altitude alpine zones—demonstrate that the ecological integrity of surrounding anthropogenic landscapes depends heavily on the core stabilization zones maintained by national parks.