The Legal Nature of Banking Contracts Concluded through Artificial Intelligence Agents: A Comparative Analytical Study in Light of Consent, Algorithmic Agency and Financial Technology

This legal research examines the legal nature of banking contracts concluded through artificial intelligence agents, particularly where an AI system acting on behalf of a bank interacts with another AI system acting on behalf of a client, company, or financial institution. The study addresses the extent to which consent and legal will may be established in contracts negotiated, concluded, or executed by autonomous systems without direct human intervention. It further analyzes the adequacy of the general rules of Egyptian civil law, the theory of agency, electronic signature law, banking regulation, personal data protection, and FinTech regulation. The research proposes the adoption of the concepts of electronic agency and algorithmic attribution as legal bases for attributing the acts of AI financial agents to the persons or institutions that deploy, authorize, or benefit from them. It also provides comparative analysis with international approaches, including UNCITRAL, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. Arabic title:الطبيعة القانونية للعقود المصرفية المبرمة عبر وكلاء الذكاء الاصطناعي: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة في ضوء ركن الرضا والنيابة الخوارزمية والتكنولوجيا المالية