Egypt's maritime sector operates largely outside formal regulatory control. Its shipyards produce vessels that cannot be exported, insured, or financed at international value. Its commercial fleet carries international passengers daily without mandatory insurance, exposing the Egyptian state to sovereign liability in the event of a major incident. This paper proposes two legislative pillars to address both failures through a closed regulatory lifecycle. Pillar I establishes mandatory shipyard licensing and construction control, creating a certification pathway that makes Egyptian-built vessels bankable, exportable, and internationally tradable assets. Pillar II establishes conditional commercial operating permits and mandatory Protection and Indemnity insurance, transferring state liability to international reinsurance systems and unlocking access to high-value charter markets. Together, the two pillars are estimated to recover between 465 million and 690 million annually in direct foregone hard currency, create thousands of formally skilled and taxable jobs, and position Egypt as a credible maritime jurisdiction capable of competing with Turkey on construction and the UAE on charter operations. The paper draws on documented market evidence, comparative regulatory frameworks from Turkey, the UAE, and Greece, and direct field observation from Egypt's commercial maritime sector.
Yasin Arafa (Thu,) studied this question.