Sociodemographic and structural correlates of past-year HIV testing in a statewide sample: Analysis of the 2024 California BRFSS

Objective Routine HIV testing is central to prevention, yet many remain unaware of their status. Although California has expanded screening initiatives, gaps in testing persist. Understanding current testing patterns and associated factors are essential to inform equitable screening strategies. Methods Data from the 2024 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to examine prevalence and correlates of past-year HIV testing among California adults ( N = 5799). Past-year testing was defined using date of most recent HIV test. Independent variables included sociodemographics, self-reported general health, and HIV risk behaviors. Survey weights using iterative proportional fitting were applied. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted associations with past-year testing. Results Fifteen percent reported HIV testing in the past year. Adults aged 18–34 and 35–54 had higher odds of past-year testing than those ≥55. Black and Hispanic respondents had greater odds of recent testing compared to White respondents. Being single, insured, in fair/poor health, or engaging in HIV risk behaviors were also associated with recent HIV testing. Conclusions Racial/ethnic testing patterns suggest positive improvements in testing among populations that historically tested at lower rates. However, findings highlight disparities and a need to expand routine testing beyond younger populations to identify and/or prevent new infections.