As global warming intensifies, climate change significantly affects all aspects of human production and daily life, including innovative activities. This study explores the effect of climate risk (CRI) on national innovation (INN) in the context of national culture (NC) and the awareness of climate issues (POST), by utilizing a two-way fixed-effect model and the Ordinary Least Squares Method (OLS) based on a cross-country panel dataset from 2000 to 2023. The findings indicate that the amplification of CRI spurs human innovations. POST can reinforce this effect, while different NC elements exert opposed influences on this effect. Specifically, Hofstede’s Individualism (IDV) and Schwartz’s Autonomy exert an inhibiting effect, while Hofstede’s Power Distance (PDI), Schwartz’s Hierarchy, and Mastery reinforce this effect. In addition, the impact of CRI on INN also exhibits heterogeneities in terms of income levels, carbon emission levels, and different types of CRI. This study provides a new insight into the complex relationship between climate change, national culture, awareness, and national innovation.
Wang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.