Overview of the Main Fungal Infections in Humans

Human fungal infections (mycoses) represent a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide. Although many fungi exist as environmental saprophytes or harmless commensals, a substantial number of species can cause disease ranging from superficial skin infections to severe invasive disease with high mortality. The global rise in immunocompromised patient populations, combined with increasing antifungal resistance, contributes to the expanding burden of fungal disease. This review summarizes the major categories of human mycoses, key etiological agents, clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and current therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in diagnostics, antifungal development, and molecular epidemiology are discussed, with emphasis on emerging pathogens and evolving resistance profiles.