Elevated IL1RL1 expression is correlated with the persistence of childhood allergies

Background To investigate interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) expression and its clinical relevance in children with food and inhalation allergies through transcriptome analysis and a prospective cohort.Methods The sequencing data of childhood allergic diseases were analysed. A prospective cohort study of childhood food or inhalation allergies was conducted in one-year follow-up with clinical materials and serum samples of IL1RL1 levels.Results Transcriptome analysis demonstrated a significant upregulation of IL1RL1 expression in children with allergies relative to non-allergic controls. In the prospective cohort of 296 children, serum IL1RL1 levels were greater in the group of allergy than control (29.46 vs. 17.12 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and were correlated positively with eosinophil counts and percentages. Receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated diagnostic value, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.76 for childhood allergies, 0.72 for food allergies, and 0.70 for inhalation allergies. IL1RL1 was an independent risk factor for allergic conditions (OR = 1.53; p < 0.001), food allergies (OR = 1.37; p < 0.001), and inhalation allergies (OR = 1.33; p < 0.01). IL1RL1 levels were higher in persistent allergies than in transient allergies. Prognostic analysis revealed a modest ability to predict persistent food allergies (AUC = 0.62).Conclusions The IL1RL1 could be useful for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of childhood food and inhalation allergies.