An Integrated Framework Using Petri Nets and Graph Theory for Agrotourism Network Analysis in Albania

Albania's agrotourism sector has grown remarkably, with over 270 certified establishments generating more than €12 million annually. However, the sector faces operational inefficiencies and structural challenges. This paper presents an integrated framework combining Graph Theory and Petri Nets to analyze and optimize agrotourism networks, focusing on the Shkodra region. Structural analysis identifies Harapi and Faqedol as central hubs (degree centrality 4 and 3), while accessibility analysis reveals significant inequality (CV=0.52). Dynamic Petri Net modeling identifies critical bottlenecks in tourist flow (90\% utilization at activity centers) and supply chain processing (4-hour processing time). A novel practical implementation model for Petri Nets in agrotourism is proposed, providing a step-by-step methodology for real-world application. The integrated framework demonstrates that combining structural and dynamic analysis supports strategic decision-making, with potential 30\% throughput improvement through targeted interventions.