Composite Membrane Electrodes Based on Graphite Materials from Lignin: Formation and Properties

The formation technology, structure, and properties of composite membranes based on graphite materials obtained from hydrolytic lignin are studied. Lignin, a large-tonnage polymer waste with high energy potential, is an environmentally friendly and promising material for electrodes. Graphite obtained from lignin is characterized by high purity and fine dispersion, which contributes to its increased efficiency in electrochemical systems. Methods for forming membrane electrodes using various binders and solvents have been developed and have improved the mechanical and rheological properties of the composites. The introduction of surfactants and stabilizers into the paste-like composition contributes to the increased strength and ductility of the resulting materials. The study results show that optimization of the liquid phase composition and the selection of suitable binders are key factors in achieving high-performance characteristics in electrode materials. In particular, the use of aqueous–alcoholic solutions and various surfactants significantly improves the wettability and ductility of the pastes, facilitating the electrode formation process. The heat resistance of the obtained membranes is at least 630–650 °C, which makes them promising for use in modern energy storage systems.