Burnout among orthopedic surgeons in India: Current evidence, contributing factors, and strategies for prevention

A bstract Background: Burnout is increasingly recognized as a major occupational challenge among healthcare professionals. Orthopedic surgeons are particularly vulnerable because of demanding clinical schedules, prolonged operating hours, emergency responsibilities, administrative workload, and the physical and emotional demands of surgical practice. In India, these challenges may be amplified by resource constraints, increasing patient expectations, and evolving medico-legal concerns. Objective: To review the current evidence regarding burnout among orthopedic surgeons in India, identify major contributing factors, examine its impact on professional and personal well-being, and discuss potential preventive strategies. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the available literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Published articles addressing burnout, occupational stress, mental well-being, and physician wellness among orthopedic surgeons in India were reviewed. Relevant international literature was also considered to provide a broader context. The available evidence was synthesized narratively with emphasis on prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and preventive interventions. Results: Available studies suggest that burnout is a significant concern among Indian orthopedic surgeons, particularly among trainees and early-career surgeons. Common contributing factors include excessive workload, long working hours, high patient volumes, emergency duties, administrative burden, medico-legal stress, inadequate institutional support, and challenges in maintaining work–life balance. Burnout has been associated with reduced job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, decreased professional engagement, and potential effects on patient care. Conclusion: Burnout among orthopedic surgeons in India is an important but under-recognized issue. Addressing burnout requires a combination of institutional reforms, professional support systems, and individual wellness strategies. Furthermore, large-scale studies are needed to better understand its prevalence and develop evidence-based interventions.