ABSTRACT Symmetry‐broken structured light offers a powerful route to enriching optical degrees of freedom (DoF) beyond discrete mode orders, as the continuous nature of asymmetry provides an effectively unlimited encoding space. However, achieving real‐time and programmable control of such states on‐chip remains challenging. Herein, lemniscate laser modes with tunable asymmetry is demonstrated by applying SU(2) transformations to a curved‐mode microlaser. A Fabry‐Pérot (FP) microcavity integrated with a curved waveguide is designed to generate a curved laser mode, which is subsequently transformed into a continuously tunable lemniscate profile via rotating a cylindrical lens. The resulting lemniscate modes are characterized by the degree‐of‐asymmetry (DoA) parameter that can be dynamically programmed. By combining DoA control with quantized mode order, a two‐dimensional array of lemniscate modes for on‐chip optical encryption is further constructed. This approach provides a simple platform for manipulating symmetry‐broken structured light, with potential applications in advanced optical communications, quantum communications, and information‐secure technologies.
Liu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.