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Ann S. Masten, J. Douglas Coatsworth, Jennifer Neemann, Scott D. Gest, Auke Tellegen, Norman Garmezy, The Structure and Coherence of Competence from Childhood Through Adolescence, Child Development, Vol. 66, No. 6 (Dec., 1995), pp. 1635-1659
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Masten et al. (1995) studied this question.
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